Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is widely recognized for its use in water treatment processes due to its highly effective coagulant properties. It brings about effective water purification by causing impurities to coagulate into larger particles that can be easily removed from the water. This application spans drinking water purification in municipal setups, industrial water treatments, and wastewater management systems.
PAC is commonly used in municipal drinking water treatment facilities. It aids in removing suspended particles, bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, thereby enhancing the clarity and safety of water for consumption. By replacing older coagulants like alum, PAC has improved efficiency in treating water at lower doses with fewer by-products, thus supporting health and environmental compliance.
In the industrial sector, PAC plays a critical role in the treatment of process water, boiler feed water, and cooling water systems. Its effectiveness helps in controlling scale, preventing corrosion, and managing microbial growth, which are essential factors for maintaining the operational efficiency of industrial equipment and systems.
PAC is also effective in wastewater treatment, where it helps in the reduction of harmful substances in wastewater streams. This includes the treatment of effluents from industries such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. By facilitating the removal of heavy metals and reducing the load of organic content, PAC significantly reduces environmental pollution and aids in meeting regulatory standards for wastewater discharge.
The global market for Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is experiencing significant growth, with various reports indicating a diverse range of market sizes and growth rates. As of 2023, the market size has been valued between USD 1.4 billion to USD 1.50 billion, with projections indicating a continued upward trend. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) varies across forecasts, typically ranging from 3.2% to 6.2% through to 2032 or 2033. This variance underscores differing assumptions and methodologies in market analysis.
Presently, the global production of PAC is estimated around 9.7 million tonnes in 2023, and is projected to increase, driven by its widespread use in water treatment processes primarily. The industrial wastewater treatment sector particularly underscores much of this demand, aiding in the consistent expansion of the PAC market.
Key exporters of PAC include major chemical-producing countries, where production capacity is extensive. Conversely, the largest importers are typically nations with significant water treatment needs but lesser domestic production capabilities. The current average price per metric ton of PAC is trending upwards due to rising demand, though exact figures vary by regional market conditions and production costs.
When sourcing Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC), it's crucial to consider its application areas such as water treatment, paper, textiles, and ceramics, which influence your choice of manufacturers. PAC is readily available in various forms, primarily as a powder or liquid, with different purities tailored for specific industries.
For potential buyers, assessing the supplier's certifications and production capacities is crucial. It's advisable to verify the quality compliance as per international standards. Depending on your location and usage, considering local suppliers might also reduce costs and guarantee fresher supply.
Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is subject to various regulatory frameworks, especially within the European Union, to ensure its safe handling, use, and disposal. The EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, commonly known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals), requires companies to register PAC if manufactured or imported at over one tonne per year. This involves providing detailed information on the substance's properties, its uses, and recommended safety measures.
Regarding cross-border trade within the European Union, PAC is monitored under the European Customs Tariff, specifically under the Harmonized System (HS) code. Import and export tariffs can vary based on the country of origin or destination, and changes in environmental policies can directly affect these rates. For up-to-date information, traders should consult the TARIC (Integrated Tariff of the European Union) database, which provides comprehensive details on tariff measures and other import or export regulations.
For the most accurate and current regulatory information concerning Poly Aluminium Chloride, stakeholders are encouraged to explore official EU databases and websites. The ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) website is a valuable resource for details on REACH compliance, safety guidelines, and any restrictions. Additionally, national chemical regulatory archives and the TARIC database are crucial for understanding specific provisions related to PAC in international trade contexts.
Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is used extensively in water treatment processes, and it's crucial to adhere to recommended safety guidelines when handling this chemical. Exposure to PAC can result in irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system, and its handling should ideally be done in a well-ventilated area with the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
When working with Poly Aluminium Chloride, it is essential to wear suitable PPE. This includes protective goggles, gloves, and clothing to prevent any direct contact with the skin or eyes. In scenarios where dust formation is possible, such as during the mixing process, wearing a dust mask or a respirator is advisable to avoid inhalation of fine particles.
PAC should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances and in securely closed containers to minimize moisture uptake and to prevent contamination. Ensure that the storage area is equipped with emergency equipment and suitable containment to handle any spills or leaks rapidly and safely.
In case of a spill, it is pivotal to act swiftly yet cautiously. Isolate the area and prevent the spill from spreading or entering waterways. Use appropriate absorbent materials to contain and clean up the spill. Always dispose of the waste according to local environmental regulations. Additionally, emergency showers and eye wash stations should be accessible in areas where PAC is handled.
If skin or eye contact occurs with PAC, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and remove contaminated clothing. For inhalation issues, move the individual to fresh air promptly. In all cases, seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Adequate training and readiness in these procedures can significantly mitigate the risks associated with handling PAC.
Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is widely used for water treatment and industrial processes, necessitating proper packaging and storage methods to maintain its efficacy and safety. The chemical's hygroscopic nature makes it essential to be stored in airtight conditions to prevent exposure to moisture, which can lead to caking or degradation of the product.
Commonly, PAC is available in both liquid and powder forms, each requiring specific packaging solutions. Powdered PAC is typically packed in polyethylene-lined polypropylene bags or paper bags with a PE-liner, ensuring moisture resistance. These bags are usually available in weights of 25 kg or 50 kg. On the other hand, the liquid PAC is stored in polyethylene drums or bulk containers such as IBCs (Intermediate Bulk Containers), which can range from 1,000 to 1,500 liters.
For effective storage, PAC should be kept in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and substances like oxidizers or acids. Temperature changes should be minimal to prevent the quality degradation of the product. Additionally, ensuring that the storage area is well-ventilated is key to avoiding accumulation of any gases that might be emitted from the chemical, especially in the case of liquid PAC. It is also important to rotate the stock on a first-in, first-out basis to maintain the chemical's effectiveness over time.
