Ammonium chloride, a versatile compound, finds extensive applications across various industries due to its unique properties. In this section, we explore some of the primary uses of ammonium chloride, illustrating its significance in different sectors.
In agriculture, ammonium chloride serves as an effective nitrogen source in fertilizers, helping to enhance soil fertility and crop yields. Its ability to release nitrogen slowly makes it particularly valuable for crops that require sustained nutrition over time.
In the medical field, ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough medicine. It works by thinning mucus and making phlegm less sticky, thus helping to clear the respiratory passages. Additionally, it is utilized in certain diagnostic procedures as a urinary acidifier to maintain the pH balance.
The food industry employs ammonium chloride as a food additive, known as E510, serving mainly as a yeast nutrient in bread making. It is also used in some types of licorice and as a flavor enhancer in certain snacks.
Within industry, ammonium chloride is a key component in batteries, particularly in zinc-carbon batteries where it acts as an electrolyte. Moreover, it is used in metalworking, such as in galvanizing, tinning, and soldering, due to its ability to clean metal surfaces and assist in the flow of solders.
The Ammonium Chloride market has demonstrated robust growth, with varying reports estimating the market size in 2023 ranging from USD 1.4 billion to USD 1.77 billion. Projections for 2030 suggest further expansion to around USD 1.7 billion to USD 2.25 billion, underpinned by a CAGR of approximately 3.2% to 4.5%. This growth trajectory is driven by several factors, including diverse industrial applications and increasing demand in developing regions.
As of recent estimates, the global production volume is around 6150 thousand tonnes, and this figure is expected to increase at a CAGR of about 4.50%. Key sectors such as agriculture and pharmaceuticals are pivotal in fueling the demand for ammonium chloride, underlining the compound's essential role in various application fields.
Asia Pacific, particularly China and India, are the top producers and exporters of ammonium chloride, primarily due to their expansive industrial bases and domestic demand. Conversely, countries in Europe and North America are notable importers. Current market analysis indicates an average price per metric ton stands at approximately USD 300, with forecasts predicting a stable to slightly increasing trend over the coming years.
When sourcing Ammonium Chloride, key players and trade lines play a crucial role. China is the leading exporter of Ammonium Chloride, with notable companies like Liuzhou Chemical contributing substantially to its supply. The United States, Germany, and India are also significant players, with contributions varying in scale and specialization across different suppliers.
The main exporters of Ammonium Chloride include China with a substantial lead, followed by Germany, Vietnam, the United States, and India. This distribution underlines the Asia Pacific's dominance, largely driven by China's extensive production capacity.
Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) is subject to various regulatory standards concerning its usage, handling, and distribution, especially within the European Union (EU). The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation, ensures that chemicals like Ammonium Chloride are safely managed. Manufacturers and importers must provide safety data sheets and comply with appropriate safety measures.
In the EU, REACH compliance is essential for companies dealing with Ammonium Chloride. The chemical is also impacted by classifications under the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulation, which entails clear labeling based on toxicity, environmental hazards, and physical dangers. Businesses must ensure they are up-to-date with these regulations to avoid penalties and to ensure safe environmental and human health practices.
Importing and exporting Ammonium Chloride involves tariff considerations. The Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) codes help determine the tariffs applied. Different rates may apply based on the country of origin and destination. For companies exporting to and from the EU, understanding these tariffs is crucial for budgeting and financial planning.
To stay updated on the latest regulatory changes, businesses should regularly consult the European Chemicals Agency's (ECHA) website. Additionally, trade associations and specialized legal advisors provide insights and updates relevant to chemical regulations and international trade laws affecting Ammonium Chloride.
Ammonium chloride, commonly used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications, must be handled with care to ensure both safety and compliance with health standards. Proper handling and storage are essential to minimize any potential risks associated with this chemical.
When handling ammonium chloride, it is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). This includes gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin contact and protect the eyes. Ensure that there is adequate ventilation in the area where the chemical is used to avoid inhalation of dust.
Ammonium chloride should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances like strong acids and alkalis. It should be kept in tightly closed containers to prevent the chemical from absorbing moisture from the air, which can lead to caking and hardening of the material.
In case of contact with eyes, immediately flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. If ammonium chloride is ingested, do not induce vomiting; instead, drink plenty of water and seek medical assistance. For inhalation exposure, move the affected person to fresh air immediately and provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
If a spill occurs, avoid creating dust and promptly clean up the spill while wearing appropriate PPE. Collect the spilled material in containers for proper disposal, following local regulations. Disposal of ammonium chloride should be handled by professionals who can assure that it is rid of in compliance with environmental laws.
Ammonium chloride, utilized in a variety of applications ranging from medicine to agriculture, requires careful consideration regarding packaging and storage to maintain its chemical integrity and ensure safety. The physical and chemical properties of ammonium chloride, which is hygroscopic and water-soluble, necessitate specific handling procedures.
Commonly, ammonium chloride is packaged in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bags or drums that offer robust protection against moisture and physical damage. Suppliers typically provide the compound in quantities ranging from small bags of a few kilograms to large sacks of up to 25 kilograms. For bulk industrial use, ammonium chloride may also be shipped in lined bulk bags or rigid intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), which can accommodate several hundred kilograms of the material.
Ammonium chloride should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances like strong bases and oxidizing agents. It is vital to minimize exposure to moisture to prevent clumping and chemical degradation. Safety protocols require that storage areas be equipped with materials to manage spills or leaks promptly, ensuring environmental safety and worker protection.
